Cybercitations
Citing electronic resources in bibliographies
Teaching
Cybercitations
How to cite
resources from the Internet using MLA style:
This page provides examples of how to cite Internet resources (such as web pages and email) and online services using the MLA (Modern Language Association) style. Give enough information so that your reader can locate the same source. Note that the guidelines for citing electronic sources are not yet completely standardized.
If
no author is given for a web page or electronic source, start with and
alphabetize by the title of the piece and use a shortened version of the title
for parenthetical citations.
Article from an online newspaper
Discussion Lists and Newsgroups
Include:
§ author’s name (if known)
§ title of the article in quotation marks
§ title of the magazine in italics
§ date of the article
§ name of the database in italics
§ name of the service
§ library or other place where you visited the site
§ date of access
§ full address in angle brackets
Schaefer, Bradley E. “Meteors That Changed the World.” Sky and Telescope
Dec 1998. Research Library Periodicals. ProQuest. Huntington Beach
Library, Huntington Beach. 29 Oct. 2000 <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb>.
“Smith to
Speak Before the Oregon Hate crimes Conference.” FDCH Press
Releases 6 Feb. 2001. Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. Santa Ana
Community Coll. Lib., Santa Ana. 24 Feb. 2001 <http://search.epnet.com/>.
Article from an online newspaper
Include:
§ author’s name (if known)
§ full title of the article in quotation marks
§ title of the newspaper in italics
§ date of the article
§ include the edition, page number(s) or first page number and +
§ name of database in italics
§ name of the service
§ library or other place where you visited the site
§ date of access
§ full address in angle brackets
Henneberger, Melinda. “Author Reveals Much about Others and Little of
Herself.” New York Times 6 Dec. 1999, East Coast
late ed.: A16. PA
Research II Newspapers. ProQuest. Huntington Beach Public Lib. 6 Dec.
1999 <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb>.
“Florida rescue experts on their way to Taiwan.” New York Times on the Web, 21
Sept. 2000 <http://www.herald.com>.
It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available at one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete address for the site and use angled brackets around the electronic address.
Include:
§
author’s name (if known)
§
name of the page in quotation marks
§
date of posting or revision
§
title of the main site (if applicable) in italics
§
date of access
§
the protocol (e.g., “http”) and the full URL address
in angle brackets
Futcher, David. “Name That Flag!” 17 Dec. 1997. David Futcher’s Home Page.
23 Oct. 1998
<http://www.aone.com/~dave8/nameflag.html>.
“Learning
Technologies.” 15 Oct. 1998. Apple
Community College Alliance
(ACCA). 11 Jan. 2000
<http://hed.info.apple.com/learning.html/>.
Orjatsalo, Jarkko. “David Bowie Unofficial CD Releases.” 11 Mar 1999. An
Index of Rock Music Discographies on the World Wide Web. 12 Mar. 1999
<http://liber.stanford.edu/~torrie/Bowie/Discography/CDUnofficial.html>.
Email
Include:
§
author’s name (if known) or the author’s email or
login name (the part of the email address before the @ sign)
§
subject line from the posting in quotation marks
§
date the message was posted
§
type of communication, in italics
Barraclough,
Dana. “Walkies.” 16 Apr 2001. Personal email.
Discussion
Lists and Newsgroups
Include:
§
author’s name (if known)
§
subject line from the positing in quotation marks
§
the description Online
posting
§
date the message was posted
§
name of the forum
§
date of access
§
the online address of the list’s Internet site or
email address of the moderator in angle brackets
Crump, Eric. “Re:
Preserving Writing.” Online posting.
28 March 2001.
Alliance
for Computers and Writing Listserv. 1
Apr 2001
<acw-l@unicorn.acs.ttu.edu>.